Business Applications quiz

The Dutton turns open windows transparent to reveal the desktop, letting you B) Show desktop C) peek D) Display desktop 5. To turn off the computer, you would open the Start menu, then click the on the right bottom of the menu. A) hibernate B) Turn off C) stop D) Shut down 6. Button A bar that appears on the right side of the menu when all items are not visible on the menu list is the B) Jump bar C) roll bar D) scroll bar 7. . A) scan bar When you have multiple windows open, you can minimize all but the active window by . A) dragging the title bar to the top of the windowB) using Rare Flip D C) using Shake D) closing all windows except the active window 8. A Windows 7 feature that allows you to capture screen shots of any object on your screen is the . A) Snipping Tool B) Screen Shot Tool C) Print Screen Tool D) Capture Tool 9. The time before the screen saver starts is called the B) watt C) Delay D) Pause 10. Time. A) Start Virtual folders that display the contents of multiple folde rs as though the files were stored together in one location are B) Libraries C) Archives D) Collections 11. . A) AlbumsAnother name for a hard drive is USB Flash drive. B) False False 12. Two or more windows can be active at the same time. A) True 13. Shortcuts can ONLY be added to the desktop. 14. You should extract files before sending them as e-mail attachments. A) True 15. You can double-click the of a window to maximize it or to restore it. Title bar 16. When a program is pinned to the 0. 0/8. 0 task 17. Only one click is required to open it. In the Windows Explorer window, Local Disk (C:) refers to the computer. 8. 0/8. 0 hard drive on your

12-Corporate Ownership, Governance and Tax Avoidance

The fact is that taxes deductions from the cash flows available to a firm, and therefore the dividends distributable to the shareholders, propose that firm owners would attempt to increase their wealth through various taxes to keep away from these Practices. Such types of advantages of enhanced cash flows from tax avoidance practices are ingenious with certain Non-tax costs. This required the costs/benefits considering of such type of practices and the choice of tax avoidance if the interest outweigh the linked costs. Therefore, the benefits and the associated costs with corporate tax avoidance are discussed here. Prior to explanation, little awareness are provided on the meaning and measures of corporate Tax avoidance to give proper ground for the discussion in detail. The corporate tax avoidance lacks universal definition as it might connote â€Å"different thing to different People† (Hanlon & Heitzman, 2010:137). The reality is that there is significant tax impacts on all settlement of a Company, meant to enhance its profit, could account for such shortness of universal definition. , they have different definitions of corporate tax avoidance put up by researchers in present times (for a review of these definitions see: Salihu, Sheikh Obid & Annuar, 2013; Salihu 2014). Here, explain corporate tax avoidance as a decrease the clear cut corporate tax liabilities. This definition is in line with Hanlon and Heitzman (2010) It explains tax avoidance â€Å"as a continuum of tax arrangements policies where something like municipal bond Investments are at one side (lower explicit tax, perfectly legal), Therefore , the terms Such as tax management; tax planning; tax sheltering; and tax aggressiveness are exchangeable used with tax Avoidance in the literature (see for instance: Chen et al. 2010; Lanis and Richardson, 2011; 2012; Minnick & Noga, 2010; Tang & Firth, 2011). Similar to its definition, there have been many ways of corporate tax avoidance used in the prior Literature. These ways are mainly depended on the estimates from the financial statements and could be categorized into three classes/groups. The first group adds those measures that examine the multitude of the gap between book and Taxable income. All these consist of total book-tax gap; residual book-tax gap and tax-effect book-tax gap. The Second group has to take up with those establish the evaluate the proportional amount of taxes to business income. All these having effective tax rates (this comes in several variants like accounting ETR; current ETR; cash ETR; Long-run cash ETR; ETR differential; ratio of income tax expense to operating cash flow; & ratio of cash taxes Paid to operating cash flow). The third group comprises other measures such as optional permanent differences (PERMIDIFF)/DTAX; unrecognized tax benefits (UTB); and tax shelter estimates. Other than this plethora of measures of corporate tax avoidance used in the tax literature, its conforming aspect remains un-captured as most of the measures are computed based on items that are affected by accrual accounting Procedures. To this part, Hanlon and Heitzman (2010) proposed a measure for conforming tax avoidance as the Proportion of cash tax paid to operating cash flow. Salihu, Sheikh Obid and Annuar (2013) documented the significant difference of this measure from other similar measures. This study suggested the use this measure for the Empirical investigation given the context of the study.

Kilauea Volcano

Located in the Pacific Ocean, Hawaii and the Hawaiian Islands are the cone-shaped tops of gigantic ocean volcanoes. Located in the southeast region of the Island of Hawaii, Kilauea sits on the flank (or the side) of the active Mauna Loa volcano, and is one of five shield volcanoes that together form the Island of Hawaii. Kilauea is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth, and it is the youngest. Kilauea stands just under 4,200 feet tall above sea level at its highest point. The staff of the U. S. Geological Survey at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory currently lists Kilauea’s Volcano Alert Level as watch  and its Aviation Color Code as orange. Kilauea is studied and constantly monitored because of its continuous lava flow. Kilauea is a broad shield volcano which is a gently sloping mountain made from a large number of usually very fluid lava flows. It is also locally interbedded with deposits of explosive eruptions. Eruptions at Kilauea happen mainly either from the summit caldera or along either of two long rift zones (East and Southwest) that extend from the caldera and run approximately parallel to the coastline and extend to the sea on both sides. Rift zones are fractured zones of weakness within the volcano. The Southwest rift zone is very active and has a desert effect. The crater located at this rift is called Pu’u ‘O’o; the East rift zone is called the Kupaianaha crater. Steam and sulfur vents can be seen and smelt in different areas on Kilauea. The surface of Kilauea is about 90% lava flow less than 1,100 years old, and 70% of the surface is younger than 600 years. The Kilauea summit caldera is about two miles wide and more than three miles long. A caldera is the actual caving in of the top of the mountain. The summit caldera houses the crater. The high summit of Kilauea is caused by more frequent eruptions than other locations on the volcano. The crater is the main vent inside the caldera, the opening through which lava flows. Eruptions from Kilauea are known for creating volcanic smog (vog). This smog affects many areas of the Hawaiian Islands, including Oahu and Honolulu whenever winds come out of the south or southeast. The estimated age of the earliest above ground (subaerial) eruptions of Kilauea is between 50,000-100,000 years. The last eruption began on January 3, 1983 to the present. During this time, the lava flows have unfortunately caused destruction of nearly 200 houses, resurfaced over 13km of highway with lava, destroyed the National Park visitor center, and a 700 year-old Hawaiian Temple. It has also added new coastline to the island. There are no signs that the current eruption is slowing or will end anytime soon. Kilauea has little vegetation. Kilauea has the volcano status of Historical. Kilauea has had 61 historical eruptions, not counting the continuous lava-lake activity in the crater. The oldest dated rocks from Kilauea are 23,000 years old. The Island of Hawaii sits on (almost in the middle of) the Pacific Plate. The Pacific Plate is a giant jigsaw piece of the Earth’s crust that is slowly moving in a northwesterly direction. It moves about four inches a year. There is a basically stationary hot spot deep within the Earth’s mantle. Heat from this hot spot makes molten lava and rock (magma) that rises through the Pacific Plate and erupts continuously on the ocean floor. After thousands of eruptions and over many many years, an island forms a rocky mass above sea level. It is estimated that Kilauea began to form about 300,000-600,000 years ago, and has been active ever since. Kilauea rose above the surface of the sea as an island approximately 50,000-100,000 years ago. Through geologic studies of surface exposures and drillhole samples, it is known that Kilauea is made mostly of lava flows. Research over the past few decades shows that Kilauea has its own magma-plumbing system, extending to the surface from more than 60km deep in the Earth. On an average day, Kilauea puts out several hundred thousand cubic yards of lava. It also causes frequent earthquakes, but many of them are small enough that only a few people feel them. In Hawaiian the word Kilauea means â€Å"spewing† or â€Å"much spreading†, referring to the continuous lava flow. Kilauea is the home of Pele, the Hawaiian fire and volcano goddess. Several special lava formations are named after Pele. Pele’s Tears are small droplets of lava that cool in the air and keep their teardrop shapes. They are jet black in color. Pele’s Hair are thin, brittle strands of volcanic glass that often form during the explosions that occur with a lava flow, usually from lava fountains. Kilauea Crater is part of the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Kilauea is the Earth’s most visited active volcano. Unlike most other active volcanoes, Kilauea is approachable, is world-famous, and has been called the â€Å"drive-up† volcano because of the easy access to many of its areas of volcanic activity, especially the summit caldera. I wanted my landform to be in the USA! I chose Kilauea because it is in Hawaii, and one of the most active volcanoes in the world. I thought it would be cool to research.

Nursing Case Management Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Nursing Case Management Plan - Assignment Example Most of their friends have deceased, and they have little to no support in the community. She has been admitted to the hospital for further assessment and evaluation of her condition. In this assignment, a nursing case management plan will be designed based on nursing assessment and will be presented in the specified format. This will help in care delivery prioritized based on her needs. While presenting this there will be concurrent critical analysis of the care plan in order to justify it based on evidence from contemporary literature (White and Davidhizar, 2006, 46-47). In the nursing practice area, this is viewed as an organizer of care delivery, and in order to meet the standards and need of evidence-based practice, research is frequently used, and this assignment ensures that the care delivered to her is person centred. (Herleman, 2008, 235-244). Mrs. Chang is an 82-year-old elderly, thin and frail woman with late stage parkinsonism with deficiency of information in this case study about the details of that condition. Generally, this condition presents as gradual slowing of voluntary movement, muscular rigidity, stooped posture, and distinctive rigid gait. She has also evidence of rheumatoid arthritis of both hands leading to severely restricted mobility. Moreover, age-related osteoporosis and osteoarthritis may accentuate her mobility problems further. Increase in frequency of fall is very common. Her current medications have not been mentioned, but she has been on ibuprofen. This indicates that she is on chronic pain, which can further compromise her mobility (Nolan and Tolson, 2000, 39-42). The goal of nursing management based on this need will be to improvement her mobility. At the end of care, the patient will be more comfortable with decreased pain, so she will be able to perform her activities of daily living as the limits of the disease condition permits, and this will be manifested by maintenance of joint mobility and range of motion while exhibiting adaptive coping behaviour. Ultimately the goal of care would be improvement of her muscle strength and endurance above her current levels (Rubenstein, Powers, and MacLean, 2001, 686-693). An impaired nervous system leading to a progressive disease can lead to subtle weakness and even drastic loss of mobility. Therefore goals of nursing management would be to slow the progression of the disease and improve the mobility and range of motion to the best possible levels. (Eliopolous, 2005, 1-53). Intervention from the nursing management aspect should include provision of support and reassurance to help her cope with limited mobility. She would be encouraged to express her feelings about immobility and nodular joints. It is imperative that she and her husband would be included in all phases of care and in the care management plan. There will be all attempts to answer all of their questions honestly. There is a chronic analgesic prescription, but that must tailored to her needs. Self-care at her own pace will be encouraged. The patient will need to have adequate rest, and she and her husba

Panasonic- Participation Strategy in Brazil Essay

Panasonic- Participation Strategy in Brazil - Essay Example Organizations have a range of entry modes to choose from when entering a foreign market. The choice of entry mode depends on the specific requirements of the business. Primarily, it depends on the degree of control the business wants over its operations and the risk that the mode implies (Schmidt 2010, p.18). Depending on the level of control, entry modes can be grouped into high/full controls or low/shared controls. There are advantages and disadvantages to each mode of entry, which would be discussed subsequently. 3.1.1. Exporting Exporting is done by businesses who are intending to sell home-produced products in foreign countries. It is one of the most widely used modes of entry because of its simplicity. It saves the business the cost of setting up a production facility in the target country. It is preferable because it allows the business to penetrate the market slowly and steadily, without risking much. Although it gives an insight into future expansion, exporting, however, doe s not allow for a quick feedback to its customers. Exported products have tariffs levied on them and there are a number of logistical obstructions in delivering the product from the producer to the consumer (Ireland, Hoskisson and Hitt 2011, p.176). 3.1.2. Licensing Licensing is another choice, offering benefits such as lesser capital investment and evasion of trade barriers. It allows a firm operating in the target country to use the company’s intellectual property and resources for introducing the business; albeit under the control of the licensor. Thereby, licensing does not offering autonomy over operations; in fact it makes the licensee rely more on the licensor. Licensing has lesser risks associated with it but it does not promote profitability in the long run nor ensures if the licensor would not exploit the company’s resources, becoming a competitor itself (Ireland et al 2011, p.177). 3.1.3. Strategic alliances Strategic alliances are yet another form of entry mode whereby the business works together with a company based in the local market. On the foremost basis, it allows the firm to gain strategic advantages, bypass trade barriers and to gain economies of scale. However, it requires that a lot of research is undertaken to find a company with which to corroborate with. The consequences of working with a company whose values and core objectives are not aligned with the company expanding abroad can completely undermine the purpose of such a venture. The degree of control can also cause significant ripples (Anonym 2008, p.16). 3.1.4. Foreign Direct Investment Compared to other entry modes, this mode of entry is generally feasible and allows the organisation to gain complete ownership rights of the facility without any share with a partner. It offers the organisation greater control over its operations and allows a deeper insight into consumer behaviour in the target country. Companies which cannot export products due to their characteristi c nature benefit greatly from such direct investment (Cullen and Parboteeah 2008, p.283). However a major drawback of such a venture is that it is time-consuming and not only requires extensive knowledge and skills transfer, but is also demanding in terms of capital and management (Ireland et al 2009, p.159). It is also takes time to establish the brand

Lewis and clark among the indians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lewis and clark among the indians - Essay Example The American explorations have extended beyond the earth and now venture to delve into the interstellar space. But space adventure is insipid because it has more space for machines and the technicalities are beyond the comprehension of ordinary men. Ronda thinks that the story of Lewis and Clarke is more palpable as it is still accessible. It is possible to follow the footprints of Lewis and Clarke and hence Ronda gives the directive, " to get off the boat, and get on the bank". It is usual for American explorers to use casually terms like "wilderness" and "unknown" to describe homelands of native people. In fact these regions were the real milieu of Native American homes with their adjoining gardens and hunting lands. The journey of Lewis and Clark and their entourage, bearing the massive inventory of the expedition could not have completed the mission without co-operation and support of the natives. It is highly doubtful whether they would have survived in the rugged and hostile terrain without heavily relaying on the expertise of the natives for whom it was their home. The wealth of vital topographic knowledge about rivers, streams, hills, and passages might have been invaluable logistic support on their itinerary. Sacagawea epitomized in many ways the wide interaction between the natives and Corpse of Discovery. She was not merely a handy guide; her presence reassured the Native Page 3 Americans that the expedition was not a hostile military infringement on their domain. Her standing as the sister of Cameahwait, a Shoshone chief, who provided crucial assistance, which did contribute to the success of the expedition. In addition to that Sacagawea was a crucial link facilitating communication with her own people, the Shoshones. The expedition of Lewis and Clark was a command exploration ordered by the then United States President, Thomas Jefferson. Why did he order it There are a plethora of motives that goad explorers to brave the tumultuous waves of perilous oceans, to confront the dusty heat waves of the desert and to scale the precipitous cliffs. But social historians have narrowed down the motives of the states man to the inordinate craving of man for gold and glory. Ronda's book does highlight these motives found in this mission. The purchase of Louisiana in 1803 was an event that wet the American appetite for expansion. The U. S. Congress appropriated 2500 U S Dollars for this. The parameters of the exploration were set as the study of the Indian tribes, Botany, Geology, Western Terrain and wildlife and to evolve a strategy to contain the British and French-Canadian poachers who were some what well established in the region. Page 4 Another motive of the venture was to carve out a viable route and survey the possibility of opening up a fully operational waterway to aid the American expansion further westward. Though this objective could not be achieved, the first contact of Lewis and Clark

Vanley Burk and the authentic Birmingham experience Essay

Vanley Burk and the authentic Birmingham experience - Essay Example Burke has been the part of the community which was struggling for better living conditions, better education and better life. On the basis of Norman Fairclough’s frame work the work of Burke has been analysed and explained. Vanely Burke on the other hand developed his skills and sensitivity towards authentic photography to present human life and emotions. He emphasised more on the human aspects of images than the material aspects. His presentations indicates that the authentic presentations of photography does not require an individual to belong to the particular community rather it requires the sensitivity in the presentations towards the subject matter. The paper is based on the qualitative analysis of Vanley Burk and the authentic Birmingham experience on the basis of Norman Fairclough’s work. The interview of Vanley Burke has been utilised as a source of analysis. The African and Caribbean community have come to Britain due to various reasons. Some have been brought as slaves while others have been invited to fill the gap of demand and supply of labour class. This community had come for better perspective of life. These communities have their own cultural identity and social structures where they had norms, values and social relations. The identity they had in their native country and the identity they have been receiving in Britain was different. The British media had presented the negative images of this community. This led to build up negative perceptions among the mass about these people. The identity of any section of society can build up or tarnished on the way they are presented by media. The language, images, conte xt and the timings of the appearance of particular news or information is crucial in the image building process. Apart from that lack of knowledge about the culture and the living of one community can be the other factor of believing in what is

Imperialism was always seen as positive for Westerners, but as Essay

Imperialism was always seen as positive for Westerners, but as destructive by the peoples of Africa and Asia. To what extent does this statement appear to be true - Essay Example This was a major step by these countries in the west but to the subjects, i.e. Africa and Asia, this was a bad dream if not a nightmare. Africa was specifically chosen because in Africa, declining empires and wars among the locals left many states vulnerable. Furthermore, it would make available of the raw materials e.g. rubber and tin not locally available in the region and would also create a ready market for the goods. The force of European commerce, culture and power in Asia resulted to a rise to growing trade in goods/commodities that were a key development in modern world free market economy. The motives of this imperialism which were accomplished by the end of the 19th century were improving communications, medical advances, and military technologies. By 1860, Africa was still developing internally on its own terms. The dynamism and importance of Africa on the global continuum supports the theory that Africa would have evolved/developed and sustained level of advancement/devel opment and civilization without the contact with imperial forces. Also, many states had been weakened by slave trade1. On one hand, the imperialism was damaging as it led to large portions of Africa came under European colonial rule. When the imperialists saw how divided and uncivilized the local people were, they thought that with a little help they can easily conquer and rule the land. Another factor that enhanced their morale was the primitive weapons used by Africans and also they took advantage of the hospitality of the local people. This style is called ‘divide and rule . Westerners sought to fight African tribes among themselves which made it easier for them to take control and earn the ‘free’ land. Another damaging factor was famines that resulted in regions where farmers grew cash crops for export for imperialistic nations instead of food for local use. Indigenous people lost

Three methods of measuring the health of the Australian population and Essay

Three methods of measuring the health of the Australian population and use these to compare the health status of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian adults - Essay Example the indigenous people are defined â€Å"as an individual of Torres Strait Islander or Aboriginal origin that identifies as a Torres Strait Islander or Aboriginal and is accepted as such by the society in which he or she lives.† They were the first inhabitants of Australia. They have a less population compared to that of non- indigenous persons. Australias aboriginal population was estimated to be 669,900 people in 2011, which was 3% of the total population (ABS, 2013). There is an extensive gap between the health of the indigenous and the non- indigenous persons that’s contributed by various factors leading to the inequalities between them. The indigenous group is more disadvantaged as compared to the non-indigenous as stipulated by the AIHW (Australian Health 2014). The importance of this essay is to identify and describe three methods that can be used to measure the health status of both the indigenous and the non-indigenous populations in Australia. It will also help make a comparison between the two Australian groups. The methods will bring out the inequalities that exist between the two groups their differences. The three methods for the measurement of the health status in Australia that will be described in this essay are mortality and life expectancy, circulatory disease, and health risk factors. Life expectancy is an arithmetical measure of how long an organism or person may live. The statistics are obtained from mortality patterns and give information on the well-being of the community. It is given in terms of the number of years one is expected to live too but not the years of the remaining life (AIHW, 2012). In Australia, the indigenous group has a lower life expectancy as compared to the non-indigenous group across all the age groups (AIHW 2011). The death rates for the adults are higher in an indigenous group than in the non-indigenous Australians. They are vulnerable to illnesses that eventually lead to their death. Most of the indigenous deaths

Learning Styles Essay Example for Free

Learning Styles Essay A learning style is basically the preference or predisposition of an individual to perceive and process information in a particular way or combination of ways. (Lynne Celli Sarasin, 2006) There are eight intelligences and an individual has one or more strengths in one of those intelligences. As we have learned from the readings, there are multiple ways to understand how an individual learns. There are three primary senses that are involved in learning: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Howard Gardner, for example, suggested that some students learn through their bodies (kinesthetic), others through music and rhythms (auditory), and many others through hand-outs and presentations (visual). Students have been learning in many different ways since ancient times. Teachers of Hinduism, Confucianism, Judaism, and Christianity all evaluated their students’ personalities, with an eye as to how to best teach them. (John D. Mayer, Ph. D. ) I have examined multiple websites on how Hinduism considers opinions of personality. For example, Hindu thought suggests that the wise person judges others with detachment and peace; as apposed to over-involvement, annoyance, or condescension. (John D. Mayer Ph. D. ) In Hinduism, the role of the yogi, or teacher, are to assist those, who sought enlightenment to learn about their essential atman (real inner self). (John D Mayer, Ph. D. ) Accomplished Hindu teachers distinguish among different types of students so as to provide each student with practices that will best guide him or her on the path to enlightenment. (John D. Mayer, Ph. D. ) As I further read into the article posted by John D. Mayer, he wrote about how there are three different types of students. Their way of learning is completely different from the way we learn here and what we learn about. I could use my primary sensory preference to increase my awareness and practice in Hinduism by watching videos and hearing lectures about their way of learning. (Due to the fact that I am a auditory and kinesthetic learner) Once I watch videos about their way of learning I would become more informed about their way of everyday life and their learning styles.

The Run Away Children Children And Young People Essay

The Run Away Children Children And Young People Essay This chapter to focusing on characterization of the run-away children like on the basis of their activity work at platform, income, available support, reason of run away, their family background, and analyzing their reason of run away and related things. 2.2 Characterizing the runaway children Yardstick used to characterize the run-away children is based on their age, sex, how many times they run away, their parental care at their home, their work at their home and on the platform, their living condition on platform, how they are living in platform etc. based on the sample taken, observation and other process of the study. 2.3 Age of the child Age group Sample of the study restricted up to 6-15, but later at the location some more children added those who are more than age group of 15 but less than 18. Hence NGO working for run away children also considering the age group up to 18 and also we added as per the requirement to add children up to age group of 18. The age group ratio we found on the railway station is as below in table: Available data is clearly showing the status of run-away children; the most them are belongs to the age group of 11-14. Where very less belongs to the age group of 15-18. And the second lessor one from the age group less than age group of less than 10. And that seems more probably due to that they are very small to run away from home or from work place or form any respected place. Another lowest one belongs from the age group of 15-18, mainly due to during the age in case of boy they being mature and they moving from the platform for different work to somewhere else. And in case of girl we don ¿Ã‚ ½t have much information but as from discussion it comes out that brokers are very active as well girls are more vulnerable belongs from these age group. 2.4 Samples separated by Girls and Boys (primary data, N=53) Firstly our sample is biased to tell about run away children on platform based on their sex. Due to permission problem we didn ¿Ã‚ ½t get opportunity to have girl sample. But with help of SATHI we had taken only 25% sample of girl among total number of sample. But through the observation also it was very clear those girls are living very less on the platform. As per the available secondary data from SATHI, it shows that about 33.33% children are girl among all run away. 2.5 Religion of the child Religion of children doesn ¿Ã‚ ½t made any to sense to say that children are run away because they are belongs to XYZ community. But as per sample taken 37 children are Hindu; 13 Muslims; 3 Christians; and 1 Sikh. And according to the CWC secondary data Hindu- 71%, Muslims 14%, Christian 13% and others 2 %.( source: primary data) 2.6 Status of children before run away It is necessary to explore about the run-away children what they were doing before running away. Whether they are studying, working or doing nothing means not studying and not working. Children what do they were doing before they run away? Definitely it is making one sense; it may be a cause for run-away the children. Like children those who were going to school they may have problem to getting into stress because they might disliking to go school. Similarly they might have fear of teacher. Similarly as children those who were working can run away due to exploitation at the work place. In some of the cases children runaway because they sent by their parents for work and they are getting exploited at the workplace in such condition they cannot think to go back and cannot work too. Such kinds of situation also forcing to run away. One thing I noticed common in run-away children is their confidence may be that also one factor because of that they rebel from the situation and run away. We also got cases of sexual exploitation but it ware seldom for male but it was more in case of girl at their respected work place nothing surprising. 2.7 Times of run away Basically run away children comes into two type 1) Habitual run away 2) Fresher; those run away first time. As per the sample 66% children are first time runaway. Habitual children basically having psychological problem. Like in few cases children away several times. Not only from their house or workplace they are running away from anywhere. Among the habitual children some of them are liking platform life so much, even they don ¿Ã‚ ½t want to go back their home. Usually NGOs working for the platform children are conducting rehabitation camp. After the camp most of the children are getting rehabitated. But old children don ¿Ã‚ ½t want to attain camp even they don ¿Ã‚ ½t like to go with such kind of process of the NGO. Besides they are taking opportunity of such facility available for them like shelter and food. The problem not much complicated for those who run away first time but here around 44% children are runaway more than one time, May be because they like the platform life. Some cases also there where children are living on the platform because they don ¿Ã‚ ½t know the way to go back, and children those who run away several times cannot go back because they rejected by the family several times. 2.8 Status of Family Children are running away one of the reason due to the parental care. We got the same result through the primary and secondary data. Through the sample we got from total run away, 32.5% boy are orphan; And among all orphan 14% not having father and mother. 31.25% without mother and 56.25 are without father. At home children without mother and father, feels so lonely, no body taking care of them as father and mother. Once they run away they don ¿Ã‚ ½t wanted to back. And also we found the similar cases among those not having either mother or father. 2.9 Contact with family We have assumptions that run away children means they wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t have any contact from the family. But it wasn ¿Ã‚ ½t true. Habitual run away children those who are finally settled on platform few of them having contact with their family. Some children having contact with them. Some of the children sending money to their house also. Hence after spending necessary amount of money on their need. They wouldn ¿Ã‚ ½t have anything thing to do. In some cases we found that children sent money to their house upto Rs. 5000. During the study it comes out 3.77% family having contact with their family. We also found some cases in which children going back in bad weather (like extreme cold) they are used to go their home. Discussion with habitual child having contact with family The child front in photo, we meet several time with him throughout the month. Child is habitual to live in platform, and don ¿Ã‚ ½t wanted to go back their home. He knows properly way of their home. After asking the children why you don ¿Ã‚ ½t want to go your home. He replied  ¿Ã‚ ½my family don ¿Ã‚ ½t like me ¿Ã‚ ½ during the discussion he also explained he sent Rs. 5000 to their family last month (March 2012). We asked  ¿Ã‚ ½Why? If they don ¿Ã‚ ½t like you? He replied by being irritating  ¿Ã‚ ½not for my mother and father, I sent that for my sister, her hand was broken when she fallen down ¿Ã‚ ½. I again asked do you visiting your home sometime? He replied yes! Sometimes too meet my sister 2.10 Reason for the run away There are several reasons that may be responsible to run away a children like both psychological and non-psychological. That discussed as below: 2.10.1 Psychological reason In government home through the participatory observation, it came out that so many children are running away due to their psychological reason. They can run away even because of very small reason. Like one boy we found in the government home who run away only due to their parents not allowed him to fly the kites and also to restrict the child they beaten also. Child rebelled against their family and run away. And similar so many cases exist because of the children run away. Some other cases like attraction to go city, dream to earn more money and be a rich person, become more confident and having dream to achieve anything. We also observed some children those who rebelled even in SATHI camp. And also they not getting into control easily. 2.10.2 Non-psychological reason Apart from the psychological reason there are so many non-psychological problems are there because of that children are running away. Like family related problem, physical abuse, sexual abuse, road side dwellers, work related problem, uncaring family, and fear after doing something wrong. From the sample taken and discussion with children following the comes out; see below the table: Figure 7: Reasons of runaway (source: primary data) Also in case of so many children, sometimes one problem may cases of runaway the children and sometimes combination of more than one problem. Like in case of Ismayl he is eldest son in their family. His father and mother bother were suffering from dieses as well they credit on their head that also due to the treatment. To overcome from loan and take care of family his mother sent him for work. For the sake of their family he started to work but later he mingle with the plateform life as well as so much stress due to family and at work place; he left out the place and reached out to New Delhi railway station. Similarly, child having problem like so much family problem; means fight within the family, physical abuse, alcoholic and abuse, parental care like having step mother or step father, illicit relationship among mother and father, insufficient income of the family that forces them to send their children to work on platform. Another problem are like due to peer. We found few cases where children were run away only because of Peer Company. And also in some cases they wanted to visit city and getting support of their friend also pulled them to go out.

Impact of Technology on Tourism

Impact of Technology on Tourism Technologies are factors that impacts on how any business is operated. Therefore, for each development of new technologies, a business may have to totally change their operating process. The change of technology will affect the way a company carries out business. Through the ages the travel and tourism industry has developed significantly with the development of new technology. On a global scale new technology has changed the way of tourism. In the dark ages travel on land was in litters or chariots and small boats was used to travel on sea. Tourism and pleasure travel was in existence but otr active during this time, but by the middle of the Middle Ages, large numbers took on a new life with the main purpose of traveling to Europe for religious purposes. Travel in the 18th century was by high society people mainly to visit spas a major attraction which also provided social events, games, dancing, gambling and sea-bathing. With the development of railway in the late 1830s, direct contribution of major seaside resorts was established and gave everyone an opportunity to travel as demand for vacation travel grew. The first publicly advertised excursion train developed by Thomas Cook, who was then looked upon as the first travel agent and now own s one of the largest travel agency in the world. As the need for technology grew throughout the years, various inventions took place and increased the travel and tourism industry. Leading into the 20th century where introduction of motorcar and the first twin engine aircraft which allowed for the travel of large number of people in 1958. Tourist discovered increasing access to a growing array of destinations with the great increase of technological advancements in the mid and late 20th century. Communicating technology aid in making airline increasingly accessible from the promotion of destinations to attracting travelers attention to enabling instant reservations and payment collections. Through the significance of communicating technology, modern tourism is fully equipped with the ability to communicate their benefits and to sell themselves to potential visitors. On return those potential visitors can reach points of interest at their chosen destination. In 1953, through the introduction of communication technology airline reservation way slinked directly with travel and booking agents. This brought about a generous increase in the tourism according to the learning and teaching network. this link made the entire booking process more easier and efficient as more airlines capitalized on it. As the improvement on technology increased modern internet allowed tourist quick and easy access to information such as travel destinations, lodging and dining options at the destination, up to the minute wait time and making reservations before departing for their chosen destination. The use of telephones also allowed travelers quick contact without ever experiencing a busy signal or getting out pf bed. It also allowed for the collection of payment from prospective travelers before departing for the destination. According to the journal of information technology and tourism, modern communication technology likewise 21st century developments in mobile telephone technology allows for advertising of attractions at various tourist destinations to target visitors. The impact of technology in the travel and tourism industry is enormous as more and more travelers can compare and look for all kinds of information available on the internet about potential destinations. As stated by China daily, according to John Liu , the executive vice-president and head of greater chins at Google, 85% of travelers do their research on the internet about potential destinations and the average traveler does 55 online searches for bookings, travel guides and visas before a booking. What seemed to be impossible ion the pas like the impact of global positioning  System on how airlines operate, self-check in of luggage, online bookings and so much mire is now at present become acceptable. Though technology has totally transformed the travel and tourism industry, according to the daily observer, it stills requires considerable financial investments and in addition tourist destination must continue to provide innovations in customer service, attractions and economic development to continue producing attractive destination despite the numerous avenues for promoting of the area. Identify the pros and cons of community based tourism A community implies individuals with some kind of collective responsibility and the ability to make decision by representative bodies. Community based tourisms that in which local residents of mainly rural areas invite tourist to visit their community with the provision of overnight accommodation. Although community based tourism has it advantage, there are also disadvantages which will both be outlined. As well as stating how community based tourism has impacted the country. Advantages of community based tourism Allows education and training growth of local people. Integrates the natural beauty and the daily life of rural communities. Allows tourist and locals a chance to experience other cultures. Promotes productive sustainable practices within its tourism offerings. Creation of job and economical development. Each individual in the community learns to work as a team in order to keep the community in welcoming and hospitable manner. Local people become educated in all aspect of managing the business of tourism. Persons no longer have to depend on livestock as a only source of income. Income generated can be used on national and local levels to better educate, improve infrastructure, fund conservation efforts, promote more responsible tourism  and aid in the benefits of tourism projects. Interest to conserve the living environment will be on the increase of local residents. Foreign exchange generated. Development of skills for local people. Local businesses, shops, restaurants, recreational facilities, natural attractions,, infrastructure and transport network all receive benefits from the gains. Wealth creation and access to essential services such as: water, sanitation, transport and telecommunications. Disadvantages of community based tourism Infections and diseased can be brought to a host destination. Inability of local business owners to compete with large corporations. Degrading of local infrastructure set in place due to the overbearing of heavy traffic of cars and tour buses. The host community left behind to pay for repair of damages as most of the profits return to their own countries in situations involving tourist oriented corporations Destruction to the natural habitat and resource in the community. May not be as medically advanced. Lack of respect for local cultures such as: tourist walking through local market in bathing suit. This not only offends but contributes to the undermining of social standards. Loss of potable water, loss of animal populations and the spread of disease and infection resulting from the over production in the form of water and air pollution, litter and frequent overflow of sewage systems. Increase in crime, mostly petty theft and pick pocketing and sometimes sexual assault. Luxuries such as: heated water for bathing that is not available to local residents in communities often cause tension between local population and tourist. Some large resorts take away from the small scale instead of giving to local communities. Impact of community based tourism on the country as a whole While it is important one widespread scale for the future development of the country as it open doors of opportunities for Jamaicans as a a whole. The effect on the developments of community based tourism has contributed positively and negatively on the country. The economic, socio cultural and environmental impacts on the country are as follows. Increase employment and technology Improved quality of life Better health care and education Improvement of the infrastructure Creation and attraction of foreign exchange Preservation of plants, botanical gardens, animal, etc Utilization of natural resources as attractions Creation of tours, hiking, ecotourism. Enjoying the natural environment without taking do exchanging anything Language barriers broken down encourage entrepreneurship Exposure to other cultures and social standards Cultural preservation Exposure with other music forms Black market trading Cultural erosion Exposure to STDs and stis Illegal vending Environmental degradation and depletion Pollution Damage to natural resources, illegal removal of plants, deforestation Uneven distribution of wealth Greater possibility for negative foreign influence on economy Neglect of local recreation facilities Is community based tourism an alternative type that can be used to diversify the Jamaica Tourism Product and provide Jamaica with a competitive advantage? A community is seen as individuals with some kind of collective responsibility and the ability to make decision by representative bodies. Though not having proper management bypass local residence the benefits gains from community tourism. As explained by Alicia Knight community tourism is a type of tourism owned and operated by the people in the community. Thought community tourism needs to work closely with mainstream tourism, it is the right type of tourism needed to provide Jamaica with a competitive advantage. The way forward is to get our own local people educated about their own cultures, heritage, environment and the tourism product. For example, most large resorts use foreigners at top level management post. By doing this the gains are not used in Jamaica as most of their earnings are returned to their host country. But when local people are trained with the requisite skills needed and sure are educated about tourism and its product. The tourism industry no longer have to view locals a sonly capable of doing lower level work such as, bellhops, laundresses, gardeners and waiters just to name a few. The income and gains generated from having employ more locals in the industry improve the infrastructure of the country, enhance the community and improve the quality of life of locals, thus the profits are spread within the country which also means that Jamaica would be facing less depth as there would be a balance in the national reserve. Who is better capable of teaching and introducing visitors to our heritage and culture? Who is best able to help protect the countrys natural habitat and resources? Certainly only Jamaicans can ensure visitor satisfaction in all aspect of offering them the opportunity to explore Jamaica safely and interact with our people through community based tourism. In leading the way for the future development of the country through the importance of sustainable development can only be achieved by diversifying the tourism product to include all the special interest types of tourism through community based tourism. Discuss the importance of delivering quality service in the hospitality industry According to Lazer and Payton 1999, the delivery of quality customer service is one of the major challenges facing hospitality managers and will be an essential condition in the emerging, keenly competitive global hospitality markets. For thru delivery of quality hospitality service, which involves people, management of people and interactions between staff and guest the building blocks of quality service in hospitality must have proper and effective management and maintenance. When quality service is being delivered, hospitality businesses gain in profit rewards that will unimproved the quality of the service been provided, increase the guests perception of them, enhance the market and guest satisfaction and word of mouth advertising. Thus, it is important to continue improving quality service delivery systems and train and empower staff, develop procedures to deliver what guest want, evaluate and modify service delivery systems, consider the guest being served, determine what the guest desires and implement revised systems which should focus on exceeding the guest expectations. For hospitality businesses to more effectively manage and maintain the delivery of quality of service, hospitality managers will need to identify and outline operational and significant strategy and in effect, focusing on the encounters that makes a difference to the experience of each guest. Raise to the point questions that are important to the quality of service such as; Is service limited to a luxury package or does it include budget travelers? Which staff members are involved in providing the service?What skills do they need? What training is been provided? How committed are they to service goals? Is team co-operation or individual empowerment required? What staff members deal with what guest? Are the staff presentations and appearances appropriate? What attitudes is appropriate, friendly, open, helpful, warm service, efficient, unconstructive, uninvolving or unthreatening service? Are the interfaces between different functional areas fully operations? Are the criteria for success clearly defined? Is everyone involved aware of guests needs and concerns? Is the information necessary to respond effectively to guests needs readily available? Is the appropriate technology being fully used? Are the necessary systems to support the encounter in place? Is there adequate spa ce to handle each of the activities such as; waiting, completing forms, storing or handling luggage and assembling tours? Did the dynamics of the exchange proceed smoothly? Have employees been given the training needed? Does the structure of the organization help or hinder performance/ Are the service providers given the facilities and financial and human support needed? Do service providers have the appropriate attitude? Is the right emphasis being place on service quality? Do any languages or cultural barriers exist? Is the management style and marketing orientation appropriate for the task? The importance of the delivery of quality service involves not only being specific of and for a particular thing but also involves giving the strength and encouragement needed to keep business from falling or sinking. It requires knowing exactly where the service encounters will occur and if the space is appropriately designed to facilitate the encounters. There also have to be a watt in which hospitality managers get things done and their ideas organized to work together. Most importantly, since the people who work in the industry are involved in providing quality service. It is of major importance to train and empower staff by providing incentives and reward systems for task performed. As read by Postma and Jenkins 1997 using internal and external measurements to monitor the quality of service in hospitality industry will outline the technical , process, functional and relational, and experienced quality in hospitality industries. For the importance delivery of quality of service in the travel and tourism hospitality businesses, it involves direct and to the point questions that will allow clear decision making by hospitality manager to improve services provided and to meet the challenges faced by hospitality industries. Identify differences between service delivery in hospitality industry and service delivery in other businesses Just as hospitality businesses, other business offers quality service delivery. There are no differences as for the delivering quality customer in any business as one would have to. Be visible as soon as a customer enters Greet the customer in a friendly manner and maintain professionalism Show that you are willing to help and listen carefully if the customer has an enquiry always be cheerful and courteous Make sure to end with a sweet note Recommendations Major players implement ways of using community based tourism as a solution for growth in tourism. Tourism industry fully utilizes all the developments of technology foe economic significance of Jamaica. Hospitality industries continuer the delivery of quality service to exceed their customers expectations which will result in rewards for them.

A Prayer For Owen Meany Essay -- essays research papers

Prayer As A Symbol in Irving’s A PRAYER FOR OWEN MEANY In John Irving’s A PRAYER FOR OWEN MEANY there are many prominent symbols. Those of arm-less figures, water, and angels are a few of the more prominent ones but, there are also many symbols that are much more subtle than those few. The most prominent of the subtle symbols is that of prayer. Prayer, in an of itself, is an idea. But, in A PRAYER FOR OWEN MEANY, Irving uses it to convey many more abstract concepts. "THE TROUBLE WITH CHURCH IS THE SERVICE." Owen states. "A SERVICE IS CONDUCTED FOR A MASS AUDIENCE. JUST WHEN I START TO LIKE THE HYMN, EVERYONE PLOPS DOWN TO PRAY. JUST WHEN I START TO HEAR THE PRAYER, EVERYONE POPS UP TO SING (23)." In this passage prayer is viewed only as a part of the "hocus-pocus (21)" of church ceremony. It is thus representative both of Owen’s view of church formality and ceremony, and of the attitudes that both Owen and Johnny hold toward certain aspects of the church and its traditions. This becomes important on a larger scale when the reader recognizes the conflict that plagues both Johnny and Owen when it comes to religious issues. Johnny states this point clearly when he says, "I was baptized in the Congregational Church, and after some years of fraternity with the Episcopalian...I became rather weak in my religion: in my teens I attended a non-denomination church. Then I became an Anglican...(1)." These freq uent internal religious conflict...

Comparison Of Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass Essay -- Compar

Comparison Of Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass America, a land with shimmering soil where golden dust flew and a days rain of money could last you through eternity. Come, You Will make it in America. That was the common theme of those who would remove to America. It is the common hymn, the classic American rags-to-riches myth, and writers such as Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass had successfully embraced it in their works.Franklin and Douglass are two writers who have quite symmetrical styles and imitative chronology of events in their life narratives. They both approached their story with a "rags-to-riches" idea. In addition, we must realize that both Franklin and Douglass are powerful writers. In that sense, I mean that Franklin was a "well-educated" man in which he filled his life with bountiful knowledge through reading and productive dialogues with peers. On the other hand, Douglass mode of writing, like ones of William Lloyd Garrison's is sentimental and contains compelling language.In The Autobiography by Franklin and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave by Douglass, both narrations are generally composed of series of life events and encounters with hardship that eventually brought them success. I shall put forth some parallel ideas of both the authors have in common. In Franklin's Autobiography, his chapters of life events and improvements are symbolized by his travels, especially on the boat. His first travel signifies his "new beginning" and it caused great hardship. He was "cut so a miserable fi gure" when he started out. (Franklin, 1771:196). However, Franklin was quick to gain ground. His move to another city or country signified his advancement and his prologue to his success to come are in his description of his boat travels. By this I mean that, Franklin intentionally gave the details of his boat travels to prepare the reader for the kind of successes or failure that he was going to face in the next chapter of his life. For example, he described his first travel as an unpleasant one, and nevertheless his first move to another city was a struggle. In Franklin's later travels, he spoke of being around some prominent figures such as Governor Hamilton and nonetheless, he landed with a successful job at a famous Printing House in Bartholomew. With this characteristic in mind, Douglass's narration ... ...nt of maturity. In addition, both authors think that matured readers in general are harder to persuade compared to younger readers (those at the of 16 to 18). This is why both Franklin and Douglass intentionally set their "rebellion stage" at the age of 17. This is to encourage the "less stable" teenage readers to dare do something different and to not compromise with normality. This less-stableness would enable these teenage readers to be more receptive to radical ideas. With this thought in mind and armed with Americans vulnerability in believing the rags-to-riches myth, Franklin and Douglass are able generated effective and persuasive narrations.With such effective writing prose, the authors created well-fabricate compositions which modeled upon the "rags-to-riches" chronology.These are the myths, Americans live by them and the country survives with them. Thus, it is the American Dream. Works Cited: Douglas, Frederick. Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (The Harper Single Volume American Literature 3rd edition) 1845:p.1017-1081 Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography. (The Harper Single Volume American Literature 3rd edition) 1776: p.282-284.

Comparison between the South Asia and East Asia during WW1 Essay

In the twentieth century, WWI was a political tornado of change, sweeping over the entire world, augmenting everything in its path. Although the Allied and Axis powers were affected the most by WWI, East Asia and South Asia were also transformed as well, through considerable social and political reform. In East Asia, China was the country outside of the Allied and Axis powers affected the most in WWI, through the creation of the Chinese Communist Party. After WWI was over, the Treaty of Versailles transferred all German holdings in East Asia, including those in China, to Japan. To China, this was an outrageous offense. Although China certainly didn’t enjoy Germany owning part of their land, to have their worst enemy, Japan, owning it would be positively loathsome. A demonstration broke out in Beijing in protest over Versailles. After being defeated by both Japan and the West, China had enough humiliation and demanded social reform. It was then that Mao Zedong came forth and established the Chinese Communist Party. Although the Nationalists would crush the Communists efforts to overthrow the government, the Communist Party would eventually return and take control, changing China forever, because of the outcomes of WWI. In South Asia, India was affected by WWI through the heightened support of the Indian Nationalist movement. When England forced their colony India to support the war effort, the Indians complied, and the Nationalist movement remained dormant during the war. After WWI was over, most of the world saw Europe as a time bomb of conflict, and this combined with the oppressive efforts to force Indian soldiers into the war cause the Indian Nationalist movement to return full force. Intellectuals like Gandhi appeared with ideas as to what a post colonial India would look like, and almost everyone in India, Muslims and Hindus alike, could agree they wanted England out. Soon, England complied with India’s cries for independence and simply pulled out of South Asia. After discordant internal conflicts, India finally stabilized, with its independence intact, because of the outcomes of WWI. WWI changed the world forever and left many problems unsolved that would return again more forceful than before. In China and India, WWI provoked  social and political reform, but the two outcomes were very different. India gained its independence and set up a Western-style democracy, whereas China would eventually be ravished by the tormenting policies and killing-spree of Mao Zedong. Both India and China were directly affected by the outcomes of WWI.

A Review of Literature on Juvenile Delinquency Essay

Article: Depression and delinquency covariation in an accelerated longitudinal sample of adolescents. The most common co-occurring mental health disorder for juveniles is depression and delinquent behaviors. Juvenile depression symptoms were used to predict patterns of age related changes in delinquency. Juveniles especially females who display depressive symptoms are at greater risk of developing and or partaking in delinquent behaviors. Approximately 76% of cases brought to the juvenile courts in the United States of America are adjudicated delinquent. In the United State of America approximately 1,660,700 juveniles are adjudicated delinquent in 2004. Between 40 and 60 percent of juveniles are maltreated. 5-10% of juveniles that have been diagnoses with depression have been found to be six times more likely to commit a delinquent act. 63% of the juveniles have experienced maltreatment in some way. ADHD has not been proven to cause juvenile delinquency. Juveniles that are delinquent have been found to have some type of childhood depression. These juveniles have serious mental help issues. Article: Predicting juvenile delinquency: The nexus of childhood maltreatment, depression and bipolar disorder There is a connection between juveniles with mental health disorders and delinquent behavior. A juvenile diagnosed with depression or bipolar is more likely to commit delinquent behavior. Professional adults who notice symptoms of depression, bipolar, and maltreatment in juveniles and then work with them in some cases can prevent the delinquent behavior. Top two main issues with juveniles are behavior and depression. Female have a higher increase with chances symptoms between the ages of 11-15. As aging happens males tend to have an increase of delinquency and females an increase of depression. Depression is a risk factor for juveniles that can increase delinquent behavior. Delinquent adolescents with mental health problems can suffer from the two most common issues depression and delinquent behavior/conduct. Genetic factors therefore account for approximately 35% of the relation between depressive and delinquency symptoms, but do not inform the temporal ordering of symptom presentation or the potential for using symptoms of one syndrome to predict future symptoms of the other. Specifically, males have the higher rate of reported delinquent behavior in comparison to females. Depression play a huge role in the possible purpose of juveniles becoming delinquent, when the juvenile(s) began to act disruptive on a routine then an evaluation and intervention should be considered. Article: Disentangling the relationship between child maltreatment and violent delinquency Physical abuse of children and or juveniles does not have an effect on whether or not the juvenile will display violent delinquency. Juveniles who have suffered from maltreatment or more likely to participate in violent delinquency. Females who have suffered from maltreatment are just as likely or more likely to participate in delinquent behavior then males. Signs of aggression before age 8-10 has shown higher rate of adult antisocial behavior. Sings of aggression between ages 5-7 is a prediction of frequent drug users. Over the years aggression is believed to stable. Ethnicity can play a role in the aggressiveness of juveniles/adults. Males have aggressive behavior which puts them a high risk for behavior problems, drug use, and delinquent behavior if not addressed. It is reported that there is a higher rate of males using substance from a two parent home, and a lower rate of males coming from a single-parent home. Article: Recidivism in subgroups of serious juvenile offenders: There are four different subgroups of juveniles that were looked at: Property offenders, sex offenders, serious violent offenders, and violent property offenders. Violent property offenders had the highest number of risk factors Recidivism of juveniles was looked at differently due to the low amount of recidivism there is in individuals who commit these crimes. Approximately 2.3 juveniles that are arrested are under the age of 18. 30-50% of juvenile offenders has a recorded disability and is at a higher chance of special education disability. Special education disability / socioeconomic status / criminality in family / and foster care are higher chance of being chronic  offenders in juveniles. Arrest before 14 years are less likely to become adult offenders later in life. The experience of being in a foster care increases the change of delinquency than a juvenile with no family felony. If the juvenile has a family history of criminal behavior the possibly is high that the juvenile will also carry the same behavior. Juvenile that is an offender tends to have more of a special education disability in comparison to someone who is not an offender. It is believed that socioeconomic status could be related to the juvenile offending. Juvenile Delinquency A number of juveniles displaying delinquent behaviors is incredibly high. As of 2001 the amount of individuals under the age of 18 arrested for violent crimes was approximately 2.3 million (Alltucker, Bullis, Close, & Yovanoff, 2006). What role does the environment play in the later juvenile delinquency, and can delinquency be prevented? This paper explores that question using three different themes. First, the various types of abuse and the effect on delinquency are discussed. Second, the link between depression and delinquency is examined. Finally, the importance of recognizing and preventing juvenile delinquency is addressed. Child Abuse and Subsequent Juvenile Delinquency In the United States there are approximately one million children per year are reportedly victims of child abuse. While there is a connection between physical abuse and later violent acts, the article by Yun, Ball, & Lim (2011), contends that sexual abuse and emotional neglect are more significant in predicting future violent and criminal behavior than physical abuse alone. Alltucker, et., al (2006) agree that sexual, physical, and emotional abuse all contribute to some form of delinquent behaviors in juveniles. The article by Mallet, Stoddard Dare, & Seck (2009) indicates that between 40 and 60 percent of sentenced delinquents have been abused or neglected in some form. However, victims of sexual abuse are not likely to become delinquent. It is clear from the literature that maltreatment of children in general has a negative effect on their development, but there is inconsistency in the research as to which form of abuse plays the most important role in delinquency. Depression and Delinquency Due to research increasing public awareness, symptoms of depression and other mental health issues are being noticed at a younger age. Young people displaying symptoms of depression are likely to experience academic problems as well as substance abuse issues. These are a few behaviors considered as delinquent. Depressed adolescents may express their frustrations through behaving aggressively and breaking the rules in their home environment. Consequently these behaviors cause conflict with parents or guardians and can eventually lead to involvement in delinquent acts. (Kofler, et al., 2011). Mallet, et al (2006) reported between 40 and 70 percent of incarcerated juvenile offenders suffered from emotional and behavioral problems prior to arrest. In fact, compared to general offenders, 46 percent of juvenile offenders are reported as having shown signs of depression or other emotional difficulties (Alltucker, et al., 2006). Symptoms of depression and delinquency covary and diagnoses co-occur often enough that it cannot be contributed to chance. Over 30 percent of young people meeting the criteria for depressive disorder also meet criteria for a conduct disorder. In addition, over 50 percent of adolescents diagnosed with conduct disorder also exhibit the symptoms that meet criteria for depression (Kofler, et al., 2006). Identifying and Preventing Delinquency Being able to recognize who is at risk of delinquent behavior is the first step towards prevention. Identifying risk factors in children is imperative in preventing juveniles from becoming involved in the criminal justice system. Also, it enables practitioners and therapists to notice which children are most at risk and what type of measures are necessary in preventing delinquency (Mallet, et al., 2006). Intervening before the juvenile reaches the age of adulthood and becomes a chronic criminal is a major goal in place to protect the rest of society. One of the predictors of being a lifetime offender is what age the juvenile is upon his or her first arrest. In 2001, the amount of people arrested for violent crimes were under the age of 18 (Alltucker, et al., 2006). A review of an article by O’Donnell, Hawkins, & Abbott (1995) states there can be an early onset of aggression in children between the ages of 8-10. Aggression at this age puts the child at higher risk of severe juv enile delinquency and also  antisocial behavior in adulthood. Conclusion Upon reviewing the literature it is apparent that abuse, neglect, and mental health problems all play a role in juveniles becoming delinquent. Current research on this pressing and difficult issue is only a small portion of a vast range of theories about delinquency. Delinquency in juveniles is a dynamic, multifaceted problem with numerous potentially causal factors. References Alltucker, K. W., Bullis, M., Close, D., & Yovanoff, P. (2006). Different pathways to juvenile delinquency: Characteristics of early and late starters in a sample of previously incarcerated youth. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 15(4), 479-492. Kofler, M. J., McCart, M. R., Zajac, K., Ruggiero, K. J., Saunders, B. E., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2011). Depression and delinquency covariation in an accelerated longitudinal sample of adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(4), 458-469. Mallet, C. A., Stoddard Dare, P., & Seck, M. M. (2009). Predicting juvenile delinquency: The nexus of childhood maltreatment, depression and bipolar disorder. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 22(2), 235-246. Yun, I., Ball, J. D., & Lim, H. (2011). Disentangling the relationship between child maltreatment and violent delinquency: Using a nationally representative sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(1), 88-110.

Jfk Inaugural Address Essay

John F. Kennedys Inaugural Speech Rhetorical Analysis. On January 20th of 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy gave his inaugural speech in front of thousands, while millions were watching on television. He was sworn into office as the thirty fifth president of the United States of America. In his speech, JFK uses rhetorical analysis to persuade the audience, which was filled with a lot of different ethnicities. First, John F. Kennedy uses ethos in his speech.Because he gave his speech in the cold, on an icy day says a lot about him as a person, better yet a president. He delivered his speech in the cold, on a very icy day, the speech could’ve been postponed but he decided otherwise, which shows that he is willing do to whatever for his country. He also uses ethos by mentioning God. By mentioning God and explaining that God is important in his life, he is making himself seem trustable and relatable. He relates more to the Christ based community by mentioning his faith.Because it was extremely cold outside, he made his speech short. His speech was short but it wasn’t ineffective. By his speech being short because of the weather, that also helps establish ethos because it shows that he cared about the audience. Also in this speech, JFK uses a lot of emotion (pathos). He tells his audience that they will have a say so in the country. He used pathos by making the audience believe that they have a role in this country.

Importance of Partnerships Essay

The term partnership entails the joining of two entities or corporations of people or organizations with the unique intention of achieving much better results of the intended goals through combination of effort and other related resources. Indeed the general perception of partnership has evolved as a very central theme in the field of policy making since other fields such as social care, health matters, environment, urban generals, fighting and combating crime and terrorism, performing criminal activities and biotechnology continues to embrace partnership (Ling 2002, pp. 615-642). Partnership is also highlighted in the modernization of the various social services in Europe and in other parts of the world (Miller & Ahmad 2000). Various issues relate to the concept of partnership. The diversity in the nature of partnerships being formed all over the world requires special attention to be accorded to a number of central issues in the partnership relationships. The major advantages of forming partnership, the challenges that relate to this kind of relationship and the best way in which the partnerships would best be dissolved have been addressed in this paper. However, the continued lack of a definite definition of partnership has made it have a lot of ambiguity in a number of sectors. According to Nicolus (2003), such an approach is mainly with reference to the relationship that should be natured in such a relationship (Miller & Ahmad 2000; Solidarity with the Women, 1990). Partnership and Mother Care Due to the complex nature of partnerships, the relationship between partners and that of the child and the mother is best done to define the term and to ensure utmost relationship between the partners best understood to fully suit the market need in business and other spheres of life. The nature and history of early partnership help understand a number of issues that relate to the relationship between the partners. This is indeed best explained by the concept of the Early Years of Development and the various existing Child Car Partnerships in the world (EYDCP). These critically help to analyze the actual partnerships that are in actual existence (Powell 2009). The inadequate concepts developed on the working of the partnerships and the arguments on whether or not EYDCPs actually work and the overall meaning raises a number of concerns. The origin of partnership is not necessary based on the business conceptualizations that target to ensure efficient and effective utilization of resources. However, the need to win wars based either on countries, similar interest or to increase territorial boundaries and powers made the need to corporate and work in groups inevitable. Partnership is therefore not a criticism for differentiation (Maddock 2000). It is engraved in the response for fragmentation recognizes the differentiation and lack of compensation based on well understood relationship structures. The potentiality of the collaborators partners in a relationship assumes a natural perspective. In the mother – child relationship, it is almost automatic that the two depend on one another for a number of things which need to be satisfied if the relationship has to grow and become much stronger with time. Initially, one of the partners says the mother mainly benefits the child through breast feeding and offering security (McLaughlin 2008, pp. 82-101). However, as time progresses, the relationship become mutual and the child starts benefiting the mother through the assistance in performing various tasks. In a partnership, it is therefore very evident that knowledge, ideas and other necessary resources are exchanged based on the mutual agreement that may also be based on the pre-set rules and regulations. Partnerships offer partners the desired chance to influence one another and where possibly behave in as if they were one entity. The behaviors are in normally in ways in which the actions can if possible become more aligned thus allowing partners to fully or partially attain their own goals and those of the partnership in the most economical and cost effective manner. EYDCPs could therefore be described as a compulsory partnership based on the nature of its operation and structure of distribution of powers and other resources. In the research carried out on EYDCP nature of operation and other related matters, it is evident that the local authority education system staff had the view that its inactive and dormant members should be disqualified from the partnership (Ling 2002; Lossky & Stransky 2002). This explains the fact that even from the traditional strategic cooperation point of view, the need to maintain constant consultation, sharing of information and other resources is very fundamental in any form of partnership all over the world. If that does not happen, then the continuity of the relationship becomes either technically possible or redundant hence the need to terminate the relationship. It is evident that traditionally, some partnerships have been purely based on the resolution of conflicts and ensuring that peace, stability and cohesiveness thrives. In some partnership relationships, the whole partnership is normally about various conflicts of interest, regarding the partner’s who gets the money first, who bears largest losses and the manner in which authority is controlled. Partnership Definition and Its Nature The nature of partnership carried out depends on a number of factors. Partnership is the union of people or business entities with an intention of performing certain tasks and achieving certain designed tasks within a given time frame using certain amount of resources. The control of funding of the partnership and the overall control of partnership relationships depends on the manner in which the partnership can be exploited. The major requirements for partnership membership, its core target s, nature of control and ensuring setting up and enhancing monitoring various bodies delegated with the duty to do so is very fundamental (Ling 2000). In organizations which are supported by cash resources, a lot of strict regulations and constant adherence to the regulations is of paramount importance. In the modern partnership relationships, voluntary organizations may even be co-opted and the boundaries between voluntary and statutory activity become redrawn in line with government direction. Partnership working is one way in which the state normally retains and in some way its power over other sectors including the voluntary sector. Partnership Relationships in Reference to Relationship of Dealing with Children Children deserve to be given a lot of attention when dealing with. A lot of caution in terms of the tone used when talking to them, the manner in which their problems are solved and the general cool friendly attention they should be accorded is important. This is however a true reflection of how most partnership relationships should be carried out (Gatrell 2002). Listening to children and adequately addressing their issues prepare them for their future lives in which they become better placed to corporate with other people in their future lives. Indeed listening to children also produce better decisions are their various stages of life (Kilm 1997). Even though evidence to prove this argument is very limited in most life sources, it can be argued that habits developed in the early stages of life normally result into the molding of the final products o the mature being with good virtues thus being able to fully adhere to the societal norms. It is generally accepted in life that decisions normally best used by people based on the general knowledge and opinions of those affected and the environment in which they live in. In some instances, the requirements for children also reflect the needs of the partnership in a partnership set-up (Glendinning & Rummery 2008, pp. 133-137; Joseph & Phillips 2001). This explains the reason why in some partnerships, there are always very strong assumptions made in reference to children; that young people’s views cannot easily be ascertained independently with total disregard of their adults who in most cases are better placed to understand better a number of issues. The healthy being of children and poverty and the social exclusion of children also determine the manner in which children would grow to become responsive potential partners. It is so far evident that even though the outward nature of partnerships is commonly viewed positively, partnership has a lot of downfall which need a lot of attention when initiating the partnership plans. The British government has a clear understanding of the various partnership needs. According to the department of education and employment (1999) the recent policy developments have also put a frame to the definition of partnership with great reference to the attainment of the set goals rather than the general processes followed in formulating the partnership agreements and working procedures. This is also in reference to the modalities of partnership working which should be very clear and easily understood by all partners (Edmund 2007; Gatrell 2002). Areas Where Partnership is Very Crucial The practice of partnership is very crucial in a number of sectors. This practice, even though very important in a number of areas, has proved to be more fundamental in some fields than in others (Denzin 2003). This could be in corporation with from various sectors. The continued needs for corporation in a number of fields elicit the need for adequate analysis in determining the conditions necessary for the partnership. Partnership success is charged in various organizations by the ability of attaining certain set goals. In different organizations, the total outcome and profitability value, collaboration nature, the social and health care programs is very crucial in the success of partnerships. Hospitals and other health sectors are one of the areas in life where partnership is of great importance. In the health care, provision of some medical services is very expensive and some medical units are not better placed to offer certain services. Recruitment and employment of medical staff on a permanent basis is also sometime very costly. Surgeons for instance are also very expensive to employ on a permanent basis. This calls for the need to partner with other medical services and hospitals so as to hire these personnel when need arises (Craig & Taylor 2002). Denzin (1998) believes that a partnership is very fundamental, sensitive and thus the need to keep a close watch on the issues related to the relationships. Research in the medical field on the medication of some diseases is normally carried out in partnership with other medical organizations in order to ensure faster discovery of the medical treatment for certain diseases. Hospitals that venture in the provision of sensitive services and medical-care require that partnership be enhanced. This ensures sharing of sensitive information and research results. The partnership that enhances the general reduction of operational costs in the health sector that resulting in the overall reduction of the cost of medical services. Moreover, banking industry, security departments and most transport sectors such as airlines participate in partnerships (Clarke & Glendinning 2002). The partnerships, like in the medical industry, ensures that sensitive yet very vital information is exchanged to also to man and adequately address challenges related to their sector.

LITERATURE REVIEW ASSIGMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LITERATURE REVIEW ASSIGMENT - Assignment Example This chronic condition is managed using two medical therapies; that is pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. Pharmacological therapy manages the condition within the hospital setting. The patient is put under medication and machine monitors to manage the condition. On the other hand, the non-pharmacological therapy is confined to patient education and intensive surveillance activity; emphasis is put shifting care from hospital to a primary care setting. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine which of the two therapies manage the condition more effectively. These studies have shown that patients that comply with non-pharmacological recommendations reduce the risk of death caused by this condition. Compliance can be defined as the extent to which congestive heart failure patients’ behavior, in terms of managing the condition, are in line with those of a medical practitioner or health provider (Martje et al 2010). The non-pharmacological recommendations inc lude diet,fluid restriction, weighing and exercising. The studies that were conducted included an 18 month follow up of the patients after they were discharged from hospital. The compliance ratings of pharmacological recommendations range from 10% to 70% while those of non-pharmacological recommendations range between 12 % and 75%. Approximately 48% of the patients who comply with the non-pharmacological recommendations fully comply with all the four recommendations.An individual tally of the recommendations compliance reveals that about 80% of patients comply with weighing; 90% comply with diet and fluid restrictions (Holst, et.al 2008); and about 60% comply with exercises. In elderly patients, compliance with the non-pharmacological recommendations prevents the reoccurrence of heart failure (Martje et al 2010). Patients who comply with these recommendations have fewer recommendations than non-compliant patients and those that spend in hospital are few. Patients who comply with the exercise and daily weighing recommendations often elongate their lives compared to those who don’t.This compliance also reduces the heart failure readmission. Isotonic exercise training has proven to have a positive effect on congestive heart failure patients, according to a study conducted on 30 male patients (Larsen, et.al. 2001). Total compliance of the recommendations also reduces the rate of readmission due to heart failure by 56.2%. This figure may not be statistically significant but it ascertains that close follow-up of patients will reduce the likelihood of being readmitted due to heart failure (Rich, et.al. 1995). In addition, relaxation therapies have a positive psychic effect in older patients. It reduces the psychological distress, depression in particular, among the patients (Yu, et.al p. 78). It has been discovered that patients whose levels of sodium intake are high have a high chance of being readmitted. This means that sodium intakes levels are consistent w ith the rate of readmission among the patients (Alves, et.al. p.446; Brooke, et.al. 2009). If heart failure patients begin using ACE-inhibitors during their stay in hospital, then their cognitive performance is expected to improve independently (Zuccala, et.al. p. 230). The main question of this topic is whether

Contemporary Issues in American Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Contemporary Issues in American Society - Essay Example If Americanization really is a feature of the new global community, what are the ramifications of the Americanization of the world? From a historical standpoint, what explains the Americanization of the world and is this beneficial to the global community? Accordingly, what are the benefits to the United States of a globalized world in which US cultural hegemony reigns supreme? Aiming to address these questions and many more as they relate to the globalization phenomenon in the 21st century, the following will explore how globalization affects the United States of America. According to scholars Kelly and Prokhovnik, globalization is a complex phenomenon which is difficult to understand. Accordingly, â€Å"although the globalization of culture seems in some ways obvious in our daily lives, it is not an entirely straightforward matter. Culture is a complicated and pervasive phenomenon, taking many forms.† (48) Seeking to address the issues surrounding the Americanization of the world and the role of the United States has played in creating a mass market â€Å"world culture†, the following aims to provide a concise overview the charges leveled against the United States as an cultural, economic and political hegemon. This exploration will seek to explore American culture on a global scale while looking at such issues as the spread of American youth culture, globalization as an American-inspired economic force and the global spread of American democratic governance. In the post-World War Two period, the globalization of American values began in earnest following the near total physical, economic and social devastation of the European continent. Post WW-II, a social revolution paved the way for the international export of American values and ideas throughout the globe. For the United States, the social revolution of the nineteen-sixties was importantly also a cultural revolution. In fact, the â€Å"rise of a specific, and extraordinarily

How do Airplanes Fly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How do Airplanes Fly - Essay Example According to the research findings air keeps speeding up as the pressure starts lowering which is the reason why a plane keeps going up as the air speed becomes stronger and faster over the top of the huge plane wings as a result of which a region of low pressure is created. As the air goes faster and a region of low pressure is created, the wings of an airplane generate lift and movement is made up through the thin air. It is no secret that humans have always remained interested in aerodynamics which is why two American men widely known as the Wright brothers managed in inventing the world’s first airplane after conducting their experiments at length using the aerodynamic principles. As mentioned before, control forms the most crucial factor when analyzing the flying process and though the Wright brothers were not the first to be involved in the experimental aircraft, still they have the honor to be the first people to invent control necessary for managing the aircraft balanc e. The concept of fixed-wing powered flight was totally impossible before the Wright brothers invented aircraft controls and made the first fully controlled, balanced, and powered flight, thus bringing a turning point in the history. The most important part of the invention undoubtedly was the three-axis control which helped immensely in lifting the airplane from the ground up into the air. The job of the three-axis control was to help the pilot in steering the jet in an appropriate manner and maintain its control in a way that the flight would remain successful and uninterrupted. Now the use of the three-axis control to steer the aircraft and maintain its equilibrium has become a standard and a firm principle in the flying process. Same goes for the fixed-wing aircraft of all other kinds where the tool of three-axis control is still used essentially. The concept of heavier-than-air human flight was totally unimaginable before the aerodynamic principles were applied practically. Mos t of the flight problems used to occur because there was no flight control in those days when engineers and researchers did not know much about exercising control over the aircraft balance. But, with explanation provided by the Wright brothers regarding the flight control options and methods, most of the flight problems got resolved as a very reliable way of pilot control was shown to the world through the three-axis control. Actually the main mistake made by earlier aeronautical engineers and flying enthusiasts was that the main emphasis was again and again laid on designing and

Intelligent Exploitation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intelligent Exploitation - Case Study Example The major business challenge that Hazendal encounters is in the effective management of its complex wine production operations which includes scheduling the harvest of grapes, process management of wine production and marketing management of the final product. In spite of the huge volume of sales undertaken by Hazendal, the current data and information management systems in the organization is very primitive. It consisted of distributed databases of operations, non-inclusion of IT based management for variety of activities like grape allocation, sales data that includes the information on product, customer and region/country. At the same time, the sales invoice was issued separately using professional accounting software. Thus the fragmented style of information management led to high levels of operational inefficiency, extended delays in information transmission and inconsistency in sales and inventory reports. Besides, the company constantly conducts extensive outdoor customer retention and relationship building programs, which was very essential for the preparation of effective marketing plan. Thus to integrate its operation and to have increased efficiency and integrated operations across all departments, Hazendal Management decided t o implement a custom designed information management software. ... The essay presented here reviews two separate project phases in connection with the information management project at Hazendal. Phase I is related to the design and implementation of the vineyards management system for Hazendal and the Phase II draws the attention towards the barriers to its intelligent exploitation. Intelligent Exploitation Theory: Frameworks and Literature Review The term "Intelligent Exploitation" is coined to explain the inadequacies observed in extracting the full potential of information technology investments that have been made in the organizations (Holtham, 2008). It is observed that huge investments made by the organizations have not resulted in a significant improvement on their business or organizational management practices (Clemons et al, 1990). Also, all the earlier initiatives made across the world to improve and upgrade the technology didn't place the knowledge and information in the centre stage of all the activities (Brynjolfsson, 1991). Thus the advantages that the organizations could claim to possess towards the preparation of their growth strategies were also very insignificant. Implementations of IT tools have helped the organizations to create rich repositories of in-house data, which are not properly used for their own strategic advantage (Davern and Kauffman, 2000). In the present day circumstances the organizations n eed to be elevated to the status of creators of knowledge and thus transforming the organizations as a learning system (Dos Santos et al, 2000). But, contrary to the expectations IT investments were not able to justify the creation of specific strength within the organization to address the objectives of equipping the group to grow as

Mining and use of Natural resouces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mining and use of Natural resouces - Essay Example olcanoes; the awareness of these hazards has made the modern man life safe through the modification of the houses and other infrastructures (Husain, 2008). The possibility of an earthquake occurring is 100 percent and that means an earthquake can occur anytime and somewhere on the earth. Asserting that an earthquake will occur does not really mean that earthquake has been predicted (U.S. Geological Survey, 2009). Presently, earthquake cannot be predicted but the statement may be true due to the fact that a number of earthquakes (in millions) occur each year, thus, their occurrence daily is in thousands (they are too minute to be located). Earthquake prediction is a possibility in the future. There is an ongoing research done by USGC and other state and federal agencies, private institutions and universities. The reality of earthquake prediction is possible some day in the future but this is only when the mechanisms of earthquake are fully exploited (U.S. Geological Survey, 2009). Industrialization and urbanization are responsible for different types of surface/subsurface water pollution and wastes and it has become mandatory for the schools in the developing countries to offer geoscience education. The neglect of the subject at some level of education (especially at the junior level) has caused the lack of awareness about energy conservation, environmental protection, and the conservation of other geological raw materials (Husain, 2008). With the help of the geology-based assessment methodology, it is estimated that there are about 53 (TCFG) trillion cubic feet of nonassociated natural gas in undiscovered and conventional accumulations and mean volumes of 896 million barrels of oil in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska and the adjacent State waters; this is according to the U.S. Geological Survey. The volume of undiscovered oil estimated by U.S. Geological Survey is lower than the one estimated in 2002 and this is due to the recent exploration drilling

Informtion Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Informtion Technology - Essay Example Larkin university faces the dual challenge of integrating itself into a university from a diverse group of colleges and at the same time deploying a technology blueprint to launch itself as a modern competitive educational institution. While traditional thinking may argue that technology deployment is a secondary tool-oriented task, modern approaches to information technology suggest that a sound IT strategy is not only a key enabler for the institutional plan but also an integrated part of it. As a result, â€Å"correct technologies† can â€Å"enable the required IS and corporate strategies to be achieved† (Clarke, 2001, p. 107). A failure in an organisation’s IT and IS strategy can translate into a failure for the organisation itself. A strategy for IT is closely aligned and integrated with the institutions overall strategy for growth and competitive advantage. Organisations typically have a slow response time to change, particularly so in the case of wide scale technology shifts. Larkin University has the unique ongoing challenge of combining existing collages into a university. This challenge could be turned into an advantage by using the new IT infrastructure as the vehicle of change. Laptops for staff, lecturers and students are just the end user side of the sea change in IT infrastructure and IS strategy taking place at the university. A productivity environment with standardised IT/IS platform and common email would free the users from issues of compatibility and delays in support of disparate systems. An institution-wide Internet availability would allow the university’s intranet to be accessed from anywhere. This higher productivity environment would enable the staff and lecturers to concentrate on their core functions. Standardised administrative applications such as scheduling, registration, fee, etc. can be deployed across the campus with minimum integration issues. Lecturers and students would interact and have access to their